Runway Design – IES PYQ
11. At a certain station, the mean of the average temperature is 25°C and mean of the maximum daily temperature is 40°C. What is the airport reference temperature (ART) ?
[IES 2005]
- 45°C
- 35°C
- 30°C
- 46.6°C
Explanation:
Airport reference temperature = Ta +
3
= 25 +
40 – 25
3
⇒ Airport reference temperature = 30°C
12. A runway is located 450 m above mean sea level. If the aeroplane reference field is 1800 m, what is the approximate corrected runway length for elevation ?
[IES 2006]
- 1889 m
- 1987 m
- 2013 m
- 1849 m
Explanation:
As per ICAO, for every 300 m above MSL, increase the basic runway length by 7%.
Hence for 450 m above MSL, percentage increase in runway length =
300
x 450 = 10.5%
Increase in runway length =
100
x 1800 = 189 m
Thus, corrected runway length = 1800 + 189 = 1989 m
Here, the closest option is 1987 m.
13. For design of a runway length, match List-I (Factor) with List-II (Correction) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List-I
- Standard basic length
- Elevation
- Temperature
- Effective gradient
List-II
- 7% for every 303 metres
- 0.5%
- 20% for each 1% gradient
- Depends upon aircraft and obtained from ICAO Standard Tables
[IES 2006]
Codes: A B C D
- 2 3 4 1
- 4 3 2 1
- 2 1 4 3
- 4 1 2 3
Explanation:
- Basic runway length depends on aircraft and are obtained from ICAO standard tables.
- Elevation correction – For every 300 m above MSL, increase the runway length by 7%.
- Temperature correction – For every 1°C above standard temperature, increase the runway length by 1% after applying elevation correction.
- Gradient correction – For every 1% effective longitudinal gradient, increase the runway length by 20% after applying the above two corrections.
14. The total correction percentage for altitude and temperature, in calculating the runway length from basic runway length, normally does not exceed _____ .
[IES 2006]
- 14
- 28
- 35
- 7
Explanation:
The total correction percentage in calculating the runway length after applying altitude and temperature corrections must not exceed 35%.
15. As the elevation increases, the runway length has to be changed at what rate ?
[IES 2007]
- Increased @ 7% per 300 m rise in elevation above MSL
- Decreased @ 9% per 300 m rise in elevation above MSL
- Increased @ 15% per 300 m rise in elevation above MSL
- Decreased @ 5% per 300 m rise in elevation above MSL
Explanation:
As per ICAO, for every 300 m rise in elevation above MSL, increase the basic runway length by 7%.
16. The orientation of runway is decided by which factors ?
- Maximum wind coverage and least cross winds
- Landing characteristics of aircrafts
- Scope for future expansion
- Obstruction-free approaches
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
[IES 2008]
- 1, 2 and 3
- 1, 3 and 4
- 2, 3 and 4
- 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The orientation of runway is independent of the landing characteristics of aircrafts.
17. Assertion (A): Wind Rose Diagrams, showing wind direction, duration and intensity are an essential requirement for planning the best direction of main runway of the airport.
Reason (R): Corrections for elevation, temperature and gradient have to be applied to determine the length of the main runway of an airport, as per ICAO recommendations.
[IES 2008]
- Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
- Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A.
- A is true but R is false.
- A is false but R is true.
Explanation:
- The wind data (i.e., direction, duration and intensity) are graphically represented by a diagram called wind rose diagram. It helps in analysing the wind data and obtaining the most suitable orientation of the runway.
- As per ICAO recommendations, the basic runway length is to be corrected for elevation and temperature. Correction due to gradient is applied under FAA recommendations.
18. Wind-rose diagram is useful in deciding on the orientation of _____ .
[IES 2011]
- Hanger
- Apron
- Runway
- Taxiway
Explanation:
The wind data (i.e., direction, duration and intensity) are graphically represented by a diagram called wind rose diagram. It helps in analysing the wind data and obtaining the most suitable orientation of the runway.
19. For safe landing and take-off, the following factors need to be carefully considered:
- Cross-wind
- Runway grade
- Runway width and side clearance
- Obstructions
[IES 2011]
- 1, 2, 3 and 4
- 1, 3 and 4 only
- 2, 3 and 4 only
- 1, 2 and 3 only
Explanation:
All the above mentioned factors are to be considered for safe landing and take-off.
20. The runway length for an airport located at 460 m above MSL, corrected for elevation, is 3670 m. The monthly means of maximum and mean daily temperatures for the hottest month of the year are 27°C and 18°C respectively. What will be the final corrected length of the runway with correction incorporated also due to temperature effects ?
[IES 2015]
- 4000 m
- 3750 m
- 3400 m
- 4500 m
Explanation:
Runway length after applying elevation correction = 3670 m
Monthly mean of average daily temperature, Ta = 18°C
Monthly mean of maximum daily temperature, Tm = 27°C
Airport reference temperature = Ta +
3
= 18 +
3
= 21°C
Standard atmospheric temperature at 460 m above MSL = 15 – (0.0065 x elevation) = 15 – (0.0065 x 460) = 12.01°C ≈ 12°C
Rise in temperature = 21°C – 12°C = 9°C
As per ICAO, for every 1°C increase in temperature above the standard atmospheric temperature, increase the runway length by 1%. Hence, for 9°C rise in temperature, increase the runway length by 9%.
Runway length correction for temperature =
100
x 3670 = 330.3 m
Thus, final corrected runway length = 3670 + 330.3 = 4000.3 m