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Harbours – IES PYQ

      

11. Assertion (A): Breakwaters are common in natural harbours. 

Reason (R): Breakwaters help in controlling wave action and sand movement into the harbour area.

[IES 2004]

  1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
  2. Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A.
  3. A is true but R is false.
  4. A is false but R is true.
Answer: Option D
Explanation:

  • Breakwaters are constructed to form artificial harbours.
  • Breakwaters are the structures that are built to protect the harbour from storm waves.
  • Breakwaters intercept longshore currents and prevent beach erosion.

12. Which one of the following is the best method for locating soundings to estimate the dredged material from the harbours ?

[IES 2005]

  1. Two angles from boat
  2. One angle from shore and other from the boat
  3. Fixed intersecting ranges
  4. Two angles from shore
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Locating soundings by the method of intersecting angles is used for harbours, reservoirs, etc., to determine the amount of silting or scouring occurred or to measure the dredged material.

13.  Why are moorings provided ?

[IES 2005]

  1. For towing the ships to the sea
  2. For repair of ships
  3. For washing of ships and ship boards
  4. For anchoring of ships
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Moorings are provided for anchoring of ships or boats. Moorings forestall free movement of ships on the water.

14.  What is the use of a station pointer ?

[IES 2005]

  1. For plotting of soundings in harbour area
  2. For making sunken shipping hazards
  3. For making tidal observations
  4. For making soundings in water bodies
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
A station pointer is a navigational instrument used in coastal waters for plotting the position of ships or soundings.

15.  Consider the following statements associated with groynes:

  1. Hydraulic behaviour of a system of groynes is influenced by the characteristics of particles that constitute the littoral drift.
  2. Groyne is constructed approximately parallel to shore.

Which of these statements is/are correct ?

[IES 2007]

  1. 2 only
  2. Both 1and 2
  3. Neither 1 nor 2
  4. 1 only
Answer: Option D
Explanation:

  • Groynes are the structures that are built to protect the beach or to retard the erosion of an existing beach by trapping littoral drift. The characteristics of particles that constitute littoral drift influences the hydraulic behaviour of groynes.
  • They are usually perpendicular and slightly inclined to the shore.

16.  What is the minimum turning radius for a passenger ship ?

[IES 2008]

  1. 3 x ship length
  2. (1.5 x ship length) + water depth
  3. (2 x ship length) + (1.5 x draft)
  4. 2 x ship length
Answer: Option D
Explanation:

17.  Echo-sounding machine is used for which of the following ?

  1. Locating objects on sea-shore
  2. Measuring sea-surface levels
  3. Determining depth of sea-bed below sea surface
  4. Locating sunken objects below sea surface

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

[IES 2008]

  1. 1, 2 and 3
  2. 2 and 4
  3. 3 and 4
  4. 1 and 3 only
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Echo-sounding machine can be used

  • To determine the depth of the sea-bed below the sea surface.
  • To locate the sunken objects below the sea surface.
  • To aid in navigation.

18.  Which of the following pairs are correctly matched ?

  1. Visakhapatnam and Plymouth – Seminatural harbour
  2. Paradip and Mangalore – Lagoon  harbour
  3. New York – Natural harbour

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

[IES 2008]

  1. 2 and 3 only
  2. 1 and 3 only
  3. 1, 2 and 3
  4. 1 and 2 only
Answer: Option C
Explanation:

  • Natural formations providing safe discharge facilities for ships on sea coasts in the form of creeks and basins are called natural harbours. New York is an example of natural harbour.
  • Semi-natural harbour is an harbour which is protected from the effect of waves on one side by natural formations and other side by artificial formations. Visakhapatnam and Plymouth are examples of semi-natural harbours.
  • Lagoon harbour exists where shallow body of water is separated from large body by reefs or barrier island. Paradip and Mangalore are examples of lagoon harbours.

19.  Match List-I (Harbour structure) with List-II (Purpose) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

List-I

  1. Dolphins
  2. Groynes
  3. Fenders
  4. Slipways  

List-II

  1. To protect the beach or retained earth
  2. To cushion to absorb shock of ship during loading and un-loading
  3. Mooring structure in combination with loading platform
  4. Repairing and building ship

[IES 2008]

Codes: A B C D

  1.  3  1  2 4
  2.  2  1  3 4
  3.  3  4 2 1
  4.  2  4 3 1
Answer: Option A
Explanation:

  • Dolphins are the artificial structures to absorb the impact of vessels during mooring.
  • Groynes are the structures that are built to protect the beach or to retard the erosion of an existing beach by trapping littoral drift. They are usually perpendicular and slightly inclined to the shore.
  • Fender is a bumper used to absorb kinetic energy of a vessel berthing against a jetty, quay wall or other vessel. It prevents the vessel or dock from being damaged during mooring.

20.  Match List-I (Components) with List-II (Function) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

List-I

  1. Keel and Bilge blocks
  2. Capstone and Bollards
  3. Fenders
  4. Buoys   

List-II

  1. Impact absorbers of quay walls
  2. Floating indicators
  3. Supports for ships in dry docks
  4. Anchorage devices for ships

[IES 2008]

Codes: A B C D

  1.  4  3  1 2
  2.  4  3  2 1
  3.  3  4  2 1
  4.  3  4  1 2
Answer: Option D
Explanation:

  • Keel and Bilge blocks are the supports over which the vessels rest in a dry dock.
  • Capstone and Bollards are anchorage devices for ships. Capstone is an apparatus consisting of a cylinder around which cables are wound. Bollards are the thick posts designed to take up pulls to which cables will be moored.
  • Fender is a bumper used to absorb kinetic energy of a vessel berthing against a jetty, quay wall or other vessel. It prevents the vessel or dock from being damaged during mooring.
  • Buoys are small floating signed structures anchored at definite locations. Buoys are used to guide or warn mariners, to mark position of submerged objects and to moor vessels.

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