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Harbours – IES PYQ

      

1. Assertion (A): Solid fill type of wharf structure provides adequate resistance to the impact of mooring vessels, besides other advantages. 

Reason (R): Solid fill structures are stable and inexpensive (except in deep water) and require little maintenance.

[IES 1997]

  1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
  2. Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A.
  3. A is true but R is false.
  4. A is false but R is true.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:

  • Solid fill type of wharf provides adequate resistance against the impact of mooring vessels.
  • These structures are stable and inexpensive, except in deep water.
  • These structures require less maintenance.

2. How many hectares of anchorage area will be required by a 181 m long ship anchored by a single anchor in a harbour of 15 m depth ?

[IES 1998]

  1. 16
  2. 18
  3. 20
  4. 12
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Radius of circular anchorage area, R = (4 x Depth of water) + Length of ship + Safe clearance of adjacent ship
R = (4 x 15) + 181 + 12 = 253 m
Anchorage area = πR2 = π x 2532 = 201090 m2 ≈ 20 hectare

3.  Match List-I (Description) with List-II (Structure) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

List-I

  1. Constructed approximately perpendicular to the shore to retard erosion of an existing beach.
  2. Structures that are placed parallel to the shoreline to separate the land from the water.
  3. Built roughly perpendicular to the shore for maintaining an entrance channel.
  4. Built generally parallel to the shoreline to protect a shore area.

List-II

  1. Jetties
  2. Breakwaters
  3. Seawalls
  4. Groynes
  5. Wharves 

[IES 1998]

Codes: A B C D

  1.  5  2  4 3
  2.  1   4  5 3
  3.  4  3   1 2
  4.  4  3   1 5
Answer: Option D

Explanation:

  • Groynes are the structures that are built to protect the beach or to retard the erosion of an existing beach by trapping littoral drift. They are usually perpendicular and slightly inclined to the shore.
  • Seawalls (or) bulkheads (or) revetments are the structures that are placed parallel to the shore at the land/water interface. These structures separate the land from the water.
  • Jetties are the structures that project perpendicularly from land out into the deep water. They are provided when the harbour entrance is affected by littoral drift or when the sea is shallow for a long distance.
  • Wharves are the structures that are built parallel to the shore line to protect a shore area. The ships may dock to load and unload cargo or passengers.

4.  On which of the following factors will the selection of the type of Groyne depend ?

  1. Availability of material
  2. Foundation condition
  3. Presence or absence of marine borers
  4. Topography of the beach
  5. The height, period and angle of attack of approaching waves. 

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

[IES 1998]

  1. 2, 3, 4 and 5
  2. 1 and 2
  3. 5 alone
  4. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The type of Groyne is independent of the height, period and angle of attack of approaching waves.

5.  Assertion (A): The open type of wharf substructure is expensive in deep-water locations where, however, a low-level super-structure is retired. 

Reason (R): Open type of wharf substructure offers little restriction to water movements; hence it can be used to support piers in rivers and coastal areas alike.

[IES 1998]

  1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
  2. Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A.
  3. A is true but R is false.
  4. A is false but R is true.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:

6.  Consider the following factors:

  1. Size and type of ship served
  2. Availability of materials
  3. Wharf configuration
  4. Mooring procedures

The spaces required alongside a wharf for berthing would depend upon factors

[IES 1999]

  1. 2, 3 and 4
  2. 1, 2 and 3
  3. 1, 3 and 4
  4. 1, 2 and 4
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
The mooring procedures do not affect the spaces required alongside a wharf for vessel while berthing.

7.  Match List-I (Structure) with List-II (Purpose) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

List-I

  1. Breakwater
  2. Wharf
  3. Fender system
  4. Revetments 

List-II

  1. Separates the land from sea water
  2. Lays vessels alongside, receives and discharges cargo and passengers
  3. Protects a seashore 
  4. Absorbs the energy of the moving vessel
  5. Retards erosion of an existing beach

[IES 2000]

Codes: A B C D

  1.  3  4  2 1
  2.  3  2  4 1
  3.  1   4  3 5
  4.  5  2  4 3
Answer: Option B
Explanation:

  • Breakwaters are the structures that are built to protect the harbour from storm waves. Breakwaters intercept longshore currents and prevent beach erosion.
  • Wharves are the structures that are built parallel to the shore line to protect a shore area. The ships may dock to load and unload cargo or passengers.
  • Fender is a bumper used to absorb kinetic energy of a vessel berthing against a jetty, quay wall or other vessel. It prevents the vessel or dock from being damaged during mooring.
  • Seawalls (or) bulkheads (or) revetments are the structures that are placed parallel to the shore at the land/water interface. These structures separate the land from the water.

8.  Assertion (A): The most common approach for control of beach erosion is to build groynes. 

Reason (R): Groynes are constructed parallel to the shore.

[IES 2001]

  1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
  2. Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A.
  3. A is true but R is false.
  4. A is false but R is true.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:

  • Groynes are the structures that are built to protect the beach or to retard the erosion of an existing beach by trapping littoral drift.
  • They are usually perpendicular and slightly inclined to the shore.

9.  Consider the following factors:

  1. Mass of ships to be berthed
  2. Overall transit time
  3. Speed of berthing
  4. Environmental conditions of the port

Which of these factors are taken into account while selecting the type of fender system ?

[IES 2002]

  1. 2, 3 and 4
  2. 1, 3 and 4
  3. 1 and 4
  4. 1, 2 and 3
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Fender is a bumper used to absorb kinetic energy of a vessel berthing against a jetty, quay wall or other vessel. It controls the relative motion between the dock and ship caused by wind and waves (environmental conditions). The amount of impact depends on the mass of the ship, angle of strike and speed of berthing.

10.  Assertion (A): The principal advantage of the solid fill type of wharf substructure is that its great mass provides adequate resistance to the impact of mooring ships. 

Reason (R): Solid fill substructures are inexpensive (except in deep water) and require little maintenance.

[IES 2002]

  1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
  2. Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A.
  3. A is true but R is false.
  4. A is false but R is true.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:

  • Solid fill type of wharf provides adequate resistance against the impact of mooring vessels.
  • These structures are stable and inexpensive, except in deep water.
  • These structures require less maintenance.

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